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For each particle size, there is an optimal linear flow rate with respect to column efficiency, according to the van Deemter plot.
3.5 µm | 5 µm | 10 µm | 13 µm | 16 µm | |
Linear flow rate
(cm/min) |
7.1 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 |
2.1 mm ID | 0.3 | 0.2 | - | - | - |
4.6 mm ID | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
10 mm ID | - | 4.7 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 1.9 |
21.2 mm ID | - | 21 | 15 | 10 | 8.5 |
For shorter separation times, the flow rate can however be increased until the pressure drop limit of the HPLC pump is reached, e.g. ca 400 bar.